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Chapter 2. Organizing Code

Before we go further with CMS development, let's look at a problem that can be neatly solved using PHP5. Substantial systems do not consist of a single file of code. Whatever our exact design, a large system should be broken down into smaller elements, and it makes sense to keep them in separate files, if the language supports it. Code is more manageable this way, and systems can be made more efficient.

As we are considering only PHP implementations, the source code files are used at runtime. PHP is an interpreted language and, at least in principle, runs the actual source code. So we need a good technique for handling many source files at runtime.

This creates issues; a paramount one is security. Another is ease of coding, where it is tedious and cumbersome to have to repeatedly include code to load other files. Yet another is efficiency, as we do not want to load code that is not needed for a particular request.

The problem

Ideally we want an automated system for loading the correct code at the time it is needed. We need it to cater for a number of considerations such as:

  • Loading code in as few places as possible, as an aid to security
  • Avoiding programs needing to know whether code needs to be loaded
  • Only loading code that is being used
  • Providing a mechanism that will work for extensions beyond the basic system
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