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Time for action – enroll existing users

Once you have formatted the spreadsheet with the appropriate information and saved it in CSV format, the file may be used to enroll existing users via the use of the same Upload users page we used for account creation. Follow these steps to enroll existing users using the file we just formatted:

  1. Access the Upload users page via the following path: Front page of your site, Site Administration | Users | Accounts | Upload users.
  2. From the Upload users page, to enroll existing users in courses, click on Browse to locate and select your enrollment CSV file.
  3. After selecting your CSV file, click on the Upload users button.
  4. From the window displaying the first ten records from your file and the Settings and Default values settings areas, change the Upload type to Update existing users only.
  5. The other default values in the Settings area can be left alone for our task.
  6. Do not adjust any of the Default values settings as we have specified that no changes are to be made with Existing user details. If you wanted to change user details such as e-mail addresses, usernames, and so on, you would want to choose one of the other three options available in the Existing user details pull down menu. The preview screen, with the changes listed here, should look like the following screenshot:
    Time for action – enroll existing users
  7. Click on Upload users to enroll the users listed in your CSV file.
  8. Scroll to the bottom of the screen and note the status report screen, as shown in the following screenshot:
    Time for action – enroll existing users
  9. Because the only information that was added was course enrollment data, user accounts were not updated in terms of how Moodle groups the information for a user. For this reason, you will see the Users updated: 0 message. Click on Continue and then on the front page bread crumb (CIMS for our example site) to return to the front page of your site.

What just happened?

The information from the CSV file that was formatted with only the username and the shortname of the courses to enroll users in was used to update the enrollment information for each of our 500 student accounts. The result is that all the students have now been enrolled in two new courses. This is a relatively easy and low-tech method of enrolling existing users in new courses.

Have a go hero

Now, practice what you learned earlier in this chapter and check the results of the new enrollment from either the course perspective or user perspective as outlined earlier. You'll see that all of the Reading and Writing courses now have 25 students enrolled in them and that each student has four courses listed in his or her profile.

Additionally, there are quite a few options available when using the Upload users feature built into Moodle. Experiment with them a little using either the file that we used to create user accounts earlier in this chapter, or the one that we just used to enroll existing users. Use Update existing users only again, but this time experiment with some of the options for changing user details using both information from the file and information that you enter in the Default values section. Modifying user details in such a manner can be useful, for example, when students change departments or majors, or when other user-related information that you store in user profiles, is changed.

Pop quiz

  1. To quickly create new user accounts for 100 users and enroll each of those users in two courses at the time of account creation, which of the following would be the best process?
    1. Create each user one at a time via the Add a new user link, found in the Site Administration block under Users and Accounts, and then enroll each of them in courses from the Assign roles link found in the Administration block.
    2. Create a CSV file with the account and course information for all of the users and upload it to the site via the Upload users tool to create new accounts and enroll the subsequent users in courses at the same time.
    3. Use the Update existing users only feature built into the Upload users tool to enroll the students in courses after creating their accounts one at a time.
    4. Ask all of your students to create their own accounts and enroll in whatever course or courses they like.

Other enrollment options

As stated earlier in this chapter, both enrolling users when creating their accounts and enrolling them after their accounts exist, via the use of the Upload users tool, are only practical given one of the two following circumstances:

  • The program places students into classes automatically based upon some predetermined criteria (for example, student performance on a placement test and has that placement information in a format that can be used in the Upload users tool).
  • The program utilizes a registration system, automated or otherwise, external to Moodle and is able to obtain data from that system such that it can be formatted for use within the Upload users tool.

While these two conditions may appear to include any type of possible enrollment within a course, there are options within the Moodle framework that do not fall cleanly into either of these categories. For example, if the default enrollment plugin in Moodle, internal enrollment, is used without an enrollment key or an enrollment period, controlling course enrollment from the CIMS perspective is difficult, if not impossible.

Understanding the various enrollment plugins available in Moodle will better enable us to build our CIMS such that it is easily and efficiently maintained. These enrollment plugins can all be accessed from the Site Administration block found on the front page of your site by clicking on the Courses link and then on Enrolments. The list of enrollment options as you will see it in your site, is shown in the following screenshot. Click on the Edit link found under Settings to view the settings for each plugin.

Other enrollment options

Enrollment plugins

The following is a reordered list of these enrollment options in order of simplicity of setup and practicality from the CIMS perspective, followed by an explanation of how some of them may be used when positioning your Moodle site as a CIMS:

  • Internal Enrollment
  • Flat file
  • External Database
  • LDAP
  • IMS Enterprise
  • Moodle Networking
  • Authorize.net Payment Gateway
  • PayPal

The following is the explanation of enrollment options:

  • Internal Enrollment: This is the default enrollment plugin in Moodle. It is one of several plugins that allows students to self-enroll in courses. The account creation and enrollment tasks performed in the previous section of this chapter were performed with the internal enrollment plugin set as the default plugin. The Availability settings, found in the Settings window of a course, control to some degree, the enrollment options as follows:
    • Availability setting: The course can be set to be available or unavailable to students.
    • Enrollment key: If set to be available, students can only enroll in the course if they enter the enrollment key as specified here. In our bulk enrollment examples, this key or password only serves to prevent students from entering courses that they are not enrolled in. Likewise, the teacher does not need to know the key as it simply functions as a lock to keep unenrolled students from entering the course.
    • The Course enrollable, Start date, End date, and Enrolment duration settings found under the Enrolment heading in the course Settings area also allow for some control of the internal enrollment plugin.

    Using the Upload users feature in Moodle, with the internal enrollment plugin set as the default plugin, to manage enrollment is an easy and effective but fairly low-tech method of managing course enrollment. For programs that span a lengthy course of time and thus consist of multiple courses that are offered in chronological succession, this method of enrollment can get complicated and a little messy due to the need to maintain enrollment data in spreadsheets that can get cumbersome and that are external to the Moodle system. Programs in which multiple enrollment periods exist over the course of a short period of time may also find this method difficult to maintain. The need for very little technical skill however, makes it a feasible option for many programs that wish to begin experimenting with positioning their Moodle site as a CIMS.

  • Flat file: This plugin allows you to format a text file, with the following fields, that is used by Moodle to process enrollments:
    • operation: This is set to a value of either add or del and either enrolls a user or removes them from a course.
    • role: This is the role for the user specified (student, teacher, editingteacher).
    • idnumber(user): This is the ID number associated with the user from the user table in the database.
    • idnumber(course): This is the ID number associated with the course from the course table in the database.
    • starttime: This is an option field for specifying the start time of the course. It is formatted in seconds per the Unix time stamp system.
    • endtime: This is an optional field for specifying the end time of the course. It is formatted in seconds per the Unix time stamp system. Note, one convenient website for converting traditional dates to Unix time stamps is www.onlineconversion.com.

    When the flat file enrollment plugin is used, the file is deleted after being read. If an automated system for generating this file exists, it may be an attractive option, but if the file is being generated manually, there is little advantage to this method over the Upload users method presented earlier.

  • External Database: This enrollment plugin allows you to configure Moodle to connect to an external database, or even to a table within the database used by Moodle, and retrieve enrollment information. In addition to settings that allow Moodle to connect to your database, you will need to specify course, user, and role field names for tables in both the local and remote database. Several other options allow for setting a default role, the auto-creation of courses, ignoring invisible courses, and turning off the unenroll feature for users previously enrolled with this plugin that no longer appear in the external database.

    This is a powerful enrollment plugin that can be very useful to institutions that already maintain enrollment information in an external system, such as a course registration system. We will explore the use of this plugin further in Chapter 8, Setting Up a Mini SIS.

  • LDAP: This acronym stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol and requires a server setup to function as the LDAP host. While very powerful if functional, this enrollment plugin is on the advanced side in terms of setup and maintenance and thus not recommended for institutions that do not already have an LDAP server in place. If you have an LDAP server that contains student information and can easily be modified to include course registration information, then you may want to consider using this option to enroll users in your courses on Moodle. For all other environments, I recommend first experimenting with the simple procedure outlined earlier in this chapter and then moving on to possibly using the external database enrollment option.
  • IMS Enterprise: This plugin utilizes a text file formatted to conform with the IMS Enterprise specifications for the purpose of creating, modifying, and deleting accounts, enrolling users in courses, and for modification of some other course-related settings. Much like the LDAP plugin, this plugin is most useful to institutions that use applications capable of generating the IMS Enterprise formatted file automatically and is thus not recommended for programs that do not already have such a system in place.
  • Moodle Networking: This plugin enables cross-site enrollment when you have Moodle networking turned on. This means that students with accounts on one Moodle site would be able to navigate to a networked Moodle site and enroll in courses offered on that site. Likewise, a teacher or administrator is able to enroll students from one Moodle site to courses on another networked site. Networking must first be turned on and various settings allowing for cross-site enrollment must be activated. This plugin introduces many options for separating Moodle instances within an institution based upon departments, for example, but does not in and of itself automate the enrollment process. Setting up a Moodle network is outside the scope of this book but you can access the Moodle Docs page at http://docs.moodle.org/en/Moodle_Network to learn more about this feature.
  • Authorize.net and PayPal: I have grouped these two plugins together because they are both structured to allow you to offer courses that are enrolled in by the user through a payment system. Both Authorize.net and PayPal are web-based solutions for accepting payments via the web. Use of this type of enrollment system and course offering is not central to the CIMS structure that this book attempts to build so we will not go into a detailed discussion of these options. Later in Chapter 8, Setting Up a Mini SIS however, we will explore methods for aggregating all of the enrollment data that exists in your Moodle site and, will at that point, briefly revisit these plugins.

CIMS enrollment review

In order to position your Moodle site as a CIMS, that is, to create all of the courses offered in your educational program and enroll users in those courses such that every user registered for or assigned to a course in your program is also enrolled in the same course on your Moodle site, you need to decide upon a practical enrollment option. The easiest option, although arguably not the most advanced and efficient, is to use the Upload users tool included in the Moodle core installation. As you become more familiar and comfortable with your CIMS and start to expand upon its potential, you may choose to explore other more sophisticated enrollment options.

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