1　Application of CP in the Realization of Diverse Collaboration

Pride and Prejudice is about marriage and the relationships between male and female, which are the perpetual theme in Jane Austen's novels. It can be also called a novel of diverse collaboration between men and women, which implies relationships of marriage, family and friendship. Marriage itself is the most important collaboration between men and women, who are engaged to the social and personal commitment and contract (蘇友芬, 2010). They must adjust themselves to the integrity of marriage. Family is the collaboration between parents and children who have their own way of dealing with each other. Male-female friendship needs mutual understanding and special efforts since women in the 18th century were generally regarded as being inferior and untalented. These relationships between men and women are represented by different ways of collaboration, which are governed by social norms. Pride and Prejudice portrays these relationships in a realistic flavor, in which its characters just follow the same social norms as people in the factual world. The novel portrays individuals negotiating personal needs with external social demands and internalized moral codes: using manners to control or mask inevitable egoism, they manipulate talk to gratify themselves (Todd, 2008). When characters interact, they will follow certain principles; therefore, they can meet the external social demands and make their moral and thoughts revealed to each other. In general, the diverse collaboration between men and women is governed by the application of the cooperative principle consciously or unconsciously in Austen's fiction.

The cooperative principle is proposed as the rule for people to obey in communication, which has the following connotations. First, speech is act, and one does action by speaking. The cooperative principle requires the cooperation of speeches in verbal communication. Second, in order to have smooth interaction and harmonious relationship, the speakers often observe the rule by telling the truth, giving adequate information, and talking about relevant things in an orderly way. They will certainly follow it to shape their positive relationships and enhance mutual understanding and affection. Third, there are four maxims which are proposed, namely the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner. The application of the cooperative principle and its maxims reflects different psychological and subconscious behaviors. In a word, it will help represent the genuine compromise and understanding between men and women.

This part aims to explore the language features in the representation of diverse male-female cooperation by means of the application of the cooperative principle, and it is composed of two sections. Section one studies how the cooperation of speeches function in favorable male-female relationship. Section two illustrates how the four conversational maxims show the mutual understanding between males and females in Pride and Prejudice. This part endeavors to testify that the application of CP may represent Jane Austen's art of language in the novel.