The Light of Fraternity Spirit Reflecting on the Archway

賽項：2010年第一屆江蘇省導(dǎo)游大賽

選手：石俐倩（二等獎）

選送：中山陵園管理局

Now we are going to visit the must-see scenic spot in Nanjing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen is a great forerunner of Chinese democratic revolution . He was born in a peasant family in Canton Province in 1866. Sponsored by his elder brother, he had primary education in Hawaii from 1878 to 1883.

As we know since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, China began to decline, Chinese people had to live a miserable life and they were referred to as the “Sick Men of East Asia” by the westerners.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen dreamed to save the nation by practicing medicine. However, as time went on, he found a medical doctor could only cure some physical disease, but could not solve serious social problems. He gave up his profession and devoted himself to democratic revolution.

In 1905, he founded “Chinese Revolutionary League” and also put forward the three people's principles, namely “Nationalism, Democracy, and People's Livelihood”.

Then he led “1911 Revolution”, which brought to an end of 2000-year-long feudal system in China.

On January 1st, 1912, he inaugurated in Nanjing as the president of the Republic of China.Unfortunately, suffered from liver cancer, Dr. Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing at the age of 59.

You may ask why Dr. Sun Yat-sen was buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died ?

Here is the true story: one day in April, 1912, he went hunting at the site of present mausoleum with his friends. He was really amazed by the beautiful environment, so he said to them: “I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death.”

The mausoleum was designed by a young architect named Lv Yanzhi, in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to remind people never to get self-contented. The construction began in 1926 and was completed in 1931.

The park of mausoleum covers an area of 80,000 square meters. The whole architecture lies on the north-south axis with 392 steps and 10 platforms in between.

First, you can see a 12-metre high gateway with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top.

The 480-meter long tomb avenue leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue-glazed tile. You can see Dr. Sun Yat-sen's motto “The World Belongs to the People”. Behind it, you can see the tablet pavilion which houses a huge tombstone which is engraved with “Premier Dr. Sun is buried here by the Chinese Koumintang on June 1, 1929.”

In the center of memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Beyond the memorial hall is the tomb vault. Visitors will bow to see Dr. Sun Yat-sen's reclining marble statue with his body buried 5 meters underneath.

Dear friends, Dr. Sun Yat-sen is highly respected by Chinese people both from mainland and Taiwan. I firmly believe that he will smile in the heaven when we are united through peaceful means and China will be more prosperous and strong!

OK, you will have 20 minutes for photo-taking and free walk. And I will meet you in the centre of the square. See you then!

關(guān)鍵詞點擊

博愛坊

博愛坊位于中山陵最南端半月廣場處，是整個陵墓的開端。四柱三門的沖天式仿古石牌坊。高12米，寬17米，花崗巖石柱上蓋有藍色琉璃瓦，柱腳前后抱鼓石，牌坊上雕刻蓮花瓣及和璽彩畫等圖案。在牌坊正中間有一塊橫匾，匾額上是中山先生親手所書的“博愛”二字。博愛坊的名字由此而來?！安邸比∽杂谔扑伟舜蠹抑椎捻n愈《原道》：“博愛之為仁也?！睂O中山先生畢生致力于中國的資產(chǎn)階級革命，為民族獨立自由奮斗不息，可以說“博愛”二字是對先生偉大的革命精神最好的寫照。

知識拓展

太平天國

太平天國（1851年—1864年）（其中“天”字兩橫上長下短；“囯”字內(nèi)為“王”字），后期曾先后改稱上帝天國、天父天兄天王太平天國。是清朝后期的一次由農(nóng)民起義創(chuàng)建的農(nóng)民政權(quán)，也是清朝歷史上規(guī)模最大的農(nóng)民戰(zhàn)爭。

1850年末至1851年初，由洪秀全、楊秀清、蕭朝貴、馮云山、韋昌輝、石達開組成的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集團在廣西金田村發(fā)動反抗?jié)M清朝廷的武裝起義，后建立“太平天囯”，并于1853年攻下金陵（今南京），定都于此，號稱天京。1864年，太平天國首都天京被湘軍攻陷，洪秀全之子、幼天王洪天貴福被俘。1872年，最后一支太平軍部隊，翼王石達開余部李文彩在貴州敗亡，太平天國終結(jié)。

太平天國歷時14年，達到了舊式農(nóng)民戰(zhàn)爭的最高峰，不僅是中國歷史上第一次在南方興起而波及全中國的農(nóng)民戰(zhàn)爭，也是世界歷史上規(guī)模空前的一次農(nóng)民戰(zhàn)爭。而且還開創(chuàng)了中國農(nóng)民戰(zhàn)爭不少先例，例如中國農(nóng)民起義第一次遭到中外勢力共同鎮(zhèn)壓；利用西方宗教發(fā)動起義；反對資本帝國主義的侵略，并提出了一整套綱領(lǐng)、制度和政策等。