Grammar The Pronoun　代詞

代詞是用來代替名詞的，來代替同一句或上一句中提到的一個名詞，以避免重復(fù)。

一、代詞的種類

3.自身代詞：myself,yourselves,themselves。

4.相互代詞：each other,one another。

5.指示代詞：this,that,those。

6.疑問代詞：who,what,which。

7.關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that。

8.不定代詞：some,something,anyone。

二、人稱代詞

人稱代詞有兩種形態(tài)，即主格和賓格，作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格：

1.人稱代詞主格的用法：

1）作主語：

I am a shop assistant.

You are a customer.

He is a cashier.

She is a tailor.

It is a toy.

We are shop assistants.

You are customers.

They are cashiers.

They are tailors.

They are toys.

2）作表語：

It's you.　It's I.

2.人稱代詞賓格的用法：

1）作及物動詞的賓語：

He gave me two pairs of shoes to choose.

2）作介詞的賓語：

Xiao Li asked me to do some shopping with her.

三、物主代詞

表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。它有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。

物主代詞的用法：

1.形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前面用作定語：

My father is a tailor.

Our manager is from Beijing.

2.名詞性物主代詞用作主語、賓語和表語：

1）作主語：

My coat is blue,and yours is brown.

2）作賓語：

I didn't borrow his money.I borrowed hers.

3）作表語：

Whose box is this?It is mine.

These English books are theirs.

四、不定代詞

不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞。在句子中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。常用的不定代詞有：some,any,no,all,every,much,many,few,a few,little,a little,one等。

1.some與any是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當(dāng)于“一些”，但譯成漢語時，“一些”這樣的詞常不出現(xiàn)。這兩個詞作定語時較多，可形容可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或不可數(shù)名詞。

some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句、否定句或條件從句。例如：

I want to buy some blouses.

Will you please give me some sugar?

Have you any blue ink?

No,I haven't any.

2.many,much,little,few等都是表示數(shù)量的代詞，其區(qū)別在于many（很多，許多）用于可數(shù)名詞，much用于不可數(shù)名詞，few（沒多少，很少）含否定意義，用于可數(shù)名詞，little用于不可數(shù)名詞；a few（有一些，有幾個）含肯定意義，用于可數(shù)名詞，a little用于不可數(shù)名詞。

這些詞用作定語時較多，有時也可作主語或賓語。

There are many needles and buttons in the box.

There is not much red ink in the bottle.

She made few mistakes in her grammar exercises.

He knows little about Chinese ancient music.

Grammar Exercises

1.用人稱代詞填空：

1）______is a fine day,today.

2）______is a hero and______is a heroine.

3）Are you adoctor?No,______am a teacher.

4）Please shut the window,will______?But______is already shut.

5）They are houses with flowers around______.

6）We saw nothing but the stars above______.

7）Is that Rose over there?Yes,that's______.

8）Do______know the boy?Yes,______and______are cousins.

2.填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~：

1）Open______books and read after me.

2）I haven't brought______English book with me.will you lend me______?

3）Dr.Bethune gave______life for the Chinese revolution.

4）Let each of the boys take______own seat.

3.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ù~填空：

1）Is there______tea in the teapot?Yes,thereis______.

A.some　　　　　B.any　　　　　C.few　　　　　D.little

2）The students have their league meeting______two weeks.

A.every　　　　 B.each

3）There are high buildings on______sides of the street.

A.either　　　　B.neither　　　C.both

4）There was______fruit in my garden this autumn.

A.many　　　　　B.much

5）The question was so difficult that______of us answered it correctly.

A.a few　　　　 B.few

6）If______calls,tell him we are busy.

A.anyone　　　　B.someone

7）Lao Li has three sons.______of them are college students.

A.Every　　　　 B.All　　　　　C.Both

8）He has two watches:One is made in China,the______is made in Japan.

A.another　　　 B.other

9）This coat doesn't fit me well.Please show me______.

A.another　　　 B.other

10）Which of them do you like better,the big one or the small one?______will do.

A.Both　　　　　B.Either

11）You have______water in the jug now.Let me go and fetch______for you.

A.a little　　　B.little

12）I have______important to say at the meeting.

A.anything　　　B.nothing

13）The teacher gave a test paper to______of the students.

A.every　　　　 B.each

14）He works hardest in his class.______in his class works as hard as he.

A.Nobody else　 B.Nobody

4.將下列句子譯成英語：

1）李新是我的姐姐，她昨天買了一件貂皮大衣（mink coat）。

2）他的羊毛衫是藍(lán)色的，我的（羊毛衫）是紅色的。

3）我喜歡這件羊毛衫的式樣（style），但我不喜歡它的顏色。

4）這不是我的雨衣，我的（雨衣）是綠色的。