Exercises

【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，回答以下問題。

1. What is information in human terms and in the broadest sense?

2. What does information include?

3. What happens if we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information?

4. Can anyone kill information?

5. Where was information contained in libraries traditionally? How did people access it?

6. What speeds up most of these previously time-consuming tasks?

7. What is the problem for most researchers now to find information?

8. For library materials, what is the organizing principle?

9. What is the one thing common to all of the access systems mentioned?

10. Is accessing good information just as simple as pointing your browser to Altavista or HotBot?

【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出。

n. 取回，恢復(fù)，修補；檢索　r　　

n. 機械裝置，機構(gòu)，機制　m　　

adj. 特有的，表示特性的，典型的　c　　

n. 分類，分級　c　　

n. 風(fēng)格，方式，樣式，習(xí)慣　m　　

n. 文件，公文　d　　

vt. 解釋，說明　i　　

vt. 使自動化，自動操作　a　　

n. 分類　a　　

n. 法則，原則，原理　p　　

n. 排列，安排　a　　

n. &vt. 訪問，存取　a　　

n. 瀏覽器，瀏覽書本的人　b　　

n. 目錄　c　　

n. 索引　i　　

n. 材料，原料，物資，素材　m　　

n. 媒體；介質(zhì)　m　　

n. 安排，配置，計劃　s　　

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。

1. Some people believe that leadership occurs only at the top levels of organizations and managing occurs at the levels farther down the organizations.

2. A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project.

3. A functional manager is in charge of a major function.

4. Similarly, a product line manager is in charge of a group of closely-related products.

5. The term“supervisor”typically refers to one's immediate superior in the workplace, that is, the person whom you report directly to in the organization.

6. A key issue in accomplishing the goals identified in the planning process is structuring the work of the organization.

7. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization's resources to achieve organizational goals.

8. The formal organization can be seen and represented in chart form.

9. The informal organization is the network, unrelated to the firm's formal authority structure, of social interactions among its employees.

10. The supervisor must realize that the informal organization affects the formal organization.

【Ex4.】從下列詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。

Applications of fundamental topics of information theory include　1　 data compression (e.g. ZIP files), lossy data　2　 (e.g. MP3s), and channel coding (e.g. for DSL lines). The field is at the　3　 of mathematics,　4　 , computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrica　5　 . Its impact has been　6　 to the success of the Voyager missions to deep space, invention of the CD, feasibility of　7　 phones, development of the　8　 , study of linguistics and of human perception, understanding of black holes, and numerous other fields. Important sub-fields of information　9　 are source coding, channel coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic information theory, and　10　 of information.