Unit 1 General Ledger

1.1 Ledger Accounts

Ledger accounts summarise all the individual transactions listed in the books of prime entry. A business should keep a record of the transaction that it makes, the assets it acquires and liabilities it occurs. When the time comes to prepare a statement of profit or loss and a statement of financial position, the relevant information can be taken from those records.

分類賬戶匯總記錄了原始記錄簿中的每一項經濟業務。

The records of transactions, assets and liabilities should be kept in the following ways：

·In chronological order and dated, so that transactions can be related to a particular period of time.

·Built up in cumulative totals.

1.2 The Format of a Ledger Account

賬戶的結構

There are two sides to a ledger account and an account heading on top, so they are often referred to as T accounts.

每一個賬戶都有兩個方向和賬戶名稱，稱為T形賬戶。

·On top of the account is its name.

·賬戶上方是賬戶的名稱。

·There is a left hand side, or debit side.

·左方，又稱借方。

·There is a right hand side, or credit side.

·右方，又稱貸方。

1.3 The Nominal Ledger

The nominal ledger or general ledger is an accounting record which summarises the financial affairs of a business. It contains details of assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenditure, profit and loss. It consists of a large number of different accounts, each account having its own purpose or‘name'and an identity or code. Examples of accounts in the nominal ledger include the following：

·plant and machinery at cost（non-current asset）；

·廠房及設備原值

·motor vehicles at cost（non-current asset）；

·機動車輛原值

· plant and machinery, provision for depreciation（noncurrent asset）；

·廠房及設備，計提折舊

·motor vehicles, provision for depreciation（non-current asset）；

·機動車輛，計提折舊

·proprietor's capital（equity）；

·所有者資本

·inventory - raw material（current assets）；

·存貨——原材料

·inventory - finished goods（current assets）；

·存貨——產成品

·total trade accounts receivable（current assets）；

·應收賬款

·total trade accounts payable（current liability）；

·應付賬款

·wages and salaries（expense item）；

·工資與薪金

·rent（expense item）；

·租金

·advertising expenses（expense item）；

·廣告費用

·bank charges（expense item）；

·銀行手續費

·telephone expenses（expense item）；

·電話費

·sales（revenue item）；

·銷售收入

·total cash or bank overdraft（current assets or liability）.

·現金或銀行透支

When it comes to drawing up the financial statements, the revenue and expense accounts will help to form the statement of profit or loss, while the asset and liability accounts go into the statement of financial position.

收入和費用賬戶形成利潤表，資產和負債賬戶形成資產負債表。