Day 6

英文重現

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 5

解析

1.句子開頭的“Hoping to participate in…”是現在分詞短語表示原因，相當于一個表示原因的狀語從句，再如下面這個例子：Not knowing her address (=As we didn't know her address), we couldn't get in touch with her.（因為不知道她的地址，我們聯系不到她。）

2.“only +不定式結構”常用來作句子的結果狀語，表示隨后發生的是一種出乎意料的或者令人失望的結果，翻譯為“反而；卻”。這里的“only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”作句子的結果狀語，“許多非裔美國人帶著熱情加入到了軍隊中”，結果卻“受到許多羞辱”。

3.“find+賓語+賓補”意為“發現/覺得某人/某物……”，賓語補足語可以由現在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及不定式等來充當，此處的“segregated from”和“subjected to”為過去分詞，并列充當賓語“themselves”的補足語，賓語與其補足語之間是被動關系。

詞義辨析

參考翻譯

（因為）希望參與到美國傳統的個人成功的民族精神中去，許多非裔美國人帶著熱情加入到了軍隊中，卻發現自己與白人部隊隔離開來，并受到許多侮辱。

實戰演練

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills long standing expectations.

According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities.

(B) They expected to fulfill ideal personal attainment.

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States.

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.

(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey's political vision.

答案：B

答案解析

根據“many African American people joined the armed forces”的意思可定位到原文“Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”，句子中“Hoping to…”是現在分詞短語表示原因，指出了非裔美國人參軍的原因，關鍵點是“individual success”（個人的

成功），選項中與此對應的只有選項B中的“personal attainment”（個人成就）。選項A

“想要逃避非裔美國人社區日漸衰退的經濟狀況”、選項C“表達他們對美國的忠心”、選項D“希望參軍能夠促進廢除隔離制度的事業”（事實上文中說的是他們參軍后還是深陷種族隔離）、選項E“他們將參軍看作是實現Marcus Garvey的政治憧憬的機會”都不符合原文。