Day 19

英文重現(xiàn)

For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs. Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 13

解析

1.“situated near…competitors”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的“a plant”；比較級(jí)中的“than”引導(dǎo)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)要保持比較對(duì)象的詞性及其在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致性，如此處的“is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators”和“is an isolated plant”（省略了“l(fā)ikely to attract the attention of local regulators”，把“is”提前了，正常的句子應(yīng)該

是“an isolated plant is likely to attract the attention of local regulators”。

2.最后一個(gè)句子中有一個(gè)“on the other hand”引出的“l(fā)arge plants”和“some smaller plants”的對(duì)比，兩個(gè)分句中的“such as”后面的內(nèi)容分別對(duì)前面的“compliance costs”和“provisions”進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明，所以可將兩個(gè)對(duì)比的分句簡(jiǎn)化為“l(fā)arge plants can spread compliance costs across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions”。

3.詞組“be subject to”意思是“經(jīng)受；遭受；受……支配”，后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞形式，即“-ing”形式。

4.第二個(gè)“such as”后面的連詞“or”前后兩個(gè)部分，即“certain provisions”和

“reporting requirements”，構(gòu)成并列/平行結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說(shuō)這兩個(gè)成分都跟在“be subject to”后面，這也是“report”用動(dòng)名詞形式的原因。

5.“by virtue of sth./doing”意思是“因?yàn)?；由于；憑借……的力量”。

詞義辨析

參考翻譯

例如，一個(gè)坐落在一些更大的、不遵守規(guī)則的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手旁邊的工廠比一個(gè)孤立的工廠吸引當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)注意的可能性要?。欢^少的注意力意味著較低的費(fèi)用。此外，大的工廠需要在更高的收入基礎(chǔ)上支出廢物處理等合規(guī)成本，另一方面，一些較小的工廠可能因?yàn)樗鼈兊囊?guī)模，甚至都不會(huì)受制于許可證或報(bào)告要求等條款。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs—and therefore compliance—fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs. Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted...

It can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is

(A) more likely to attract attention from local regulators.

(B) less likely to be exempt from permit and reporting requirements.

(C) less likely to have regulatory costs passed on to it by companies that supply its raw materials.

(D) more likely to employ older production technologies.

(E) more likely to generate wastes that are more environmentally damaging than those generated by smaller plants.

答案：B

答案解析

題目問(wèn)的是大公司比一個(gè)類(lèi)似的但是規(guī)模較小的公司在環(huán)境合規(guī)成本上的花費(fèi)要多，是因?yàn)槭裁?，根?jù)大小公司在“environmental compliance”上的對(duì)比可定位到文中“Additionally…by virtue of their size”。“Additionally”后面的內(nèi)容先告訴我們大公司在“compliance costs”方面花費(fèi)多，但并未提到原因，但后邊談到“小公司可能不會(huì)受制于許可證或報(bào)告要求等條款”，我們根據(jù)逆向思維可以推測(cè)出“大公司可能會(huì)受制于許可證或報(bào)告要求等條款”，因此選項(xiàng)B“大公司不太可能免除許可證和報(bào)告要求”應(yīng)該是正確的。

選項(xiàng)A“大公司更有可能吸引當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的注意”是最容易選錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)，很多人會(huì)根據(jù)第一句話(huà)選出這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，但是第一句話(huà)中其實(shí)是將“和幾個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手（即同類(lèi)工廠）坐落在一起的工廠”和“一個(gè)孤立的工廠”進(jìn)行比較，后者比較容易吸引監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)注意（群體中的個(gè)體當(dāng)然沒(méi)有單獨(dú)的個(gè)體那么容易受到注意），但它并沒(méi)有將大公司和小公司進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此不構(gòu)成大公司交費(fèi)多的原因。選項(xiàng)C“大公司不太可能讓供應(yīng)原材料的公司將監(jiān)管費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)嫁給自己”、D“大公司更有可能使用舊的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)”、E“與小公司產(chǎn)生的廢物相比，大公司更有可能產(chǎn)生對(duì)環(huán)境破壞更大的廢物”在文中都沒(méi)提及。