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The Truman Doctrine 杜魯門主義

導(dǎo)讀

第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，沖突和內(nèi)戰(zhàn)仍然折磨著不少國(guó)家。而各大國(guó)，尤其是美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)卻為擴(kuò)張它們的勢(shì)力范圍在不遺余力地展開爭(zhēng)奪。土耳其和希臘就是美蘇在戰(zhàn)后爭(zhēng)奪的兩個(gè)目標(biāo)。杜魯門總統(tǒng)于1947年3月12日發(fā)表致國(guó)會(huì)的咨文，要求國(guó)會(huì)向希臘和土耳其提供4億美元的資金，國(guó)會(huì)同意了援助款項(xiàng)。這一通常被稱為“杜魯門主義”的援助政策，是美國(guó)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)稱雄世界的野心的挑戰(zhàn)，也是美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。當(dāng)時(shí)它與“馬歇爾計(jì)劃”共同構(gòu)成美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的基礎(chǔ)，標(biāo)志著美蘇兩國(guó)由戰(zhàn)時(shí)的盟國(guó)變?yōu)閼?zhàn)后的敵國(guó)，標(biāo)志著美國(guó)政府第一次公開宣布將“冷戰(zhàn)”作為國(guó)策。

Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, members of the Congress of the United States，

尊敬的總統(tǒng)先生、議長(zhǎng)先生、各位美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員：

The United States has received from the Greek government an urgent appeal for financial and economic assistance. Preliminary report from the American Economic Mission now in Greece, and reports from the American ambassador in Greece, collaborate the statement of the Greek government that assistance is imperative if Greece is to survive as a free nation. I do not believe that the American people and the Congress wish to turn a deaf ear to the appeal of the Greek government.

美國(guó)最近收到希臘政府要求財(cái)政和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的緊急請(qǐng)求。現(xiàn)仍在希臘的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)代表團(tuán)的報(bào)告，以及美國(guó)駐希臘大使的報(bào)告，同樣證明了希臘請(qǐng)求援助的迫切性，否則希臘將不再以自由國(guó)家的身份存在。我相信美國(guó)人民和國(guó)會(huì)絕不會(huì)對(duì)希臘政府的請(qǐng)求置若罔聞。

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

我相信美國(guó)的政策必定支持那些正在抵抗武裝分子或外來(lái)壓力征服企圖的自由民族。

I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

我相信我們必須協(xié)助自由的民族用他們自己的方式來(lái)把握自己的命運(yùn)。

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.

我相信我們的幫助應(yīng)該是最基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政援助，這些對(duì)穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)和有序的政治進(jìn)程很有必要。

We must take immediate and resolute action. I therefore ask the Congress to provide authority for assistance to Greece and Turkey in the amount of $400 million for the period ending June 30, 1948. In requesting these funds, I have taken into consideration the maximum amount of relief assistance which would be furnished to Greece out of the $350 million which I recently requested that the Congress authorize for the prevention of starvation and suffering in countries devastated by the war. In addition to funds, I ask the Congress to authorize the detail of American civilian and military personnel to Greece and Turkey at the request of those countries to assist in the tasks of reconstruction, and for the purpose of supervising the use of such financial and material assistance as may be furnished. I recommend that authority also be provided for the instruction and training of selected Greek and Turkish personnel.

我們必須采取堅(jiān)決果斷的行動(dòng)。鑒于此，我懇請(qǐng)國(guó)會(huì)：批準(zhǔn)在1948年6月30日前向希臘及土耳其提供4億美金的援助。我亦考慮到在最近向國(guó)會(huì)申請(qǐng)的幫助戰(zhàn)亂國(guó)家預(yù)防饑荒的3.5億美元救濟(jì)金中，希臘所占的最大份額。除資金外，我還請(qǐng)求國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)應(yīng)希臘和土耳其的請(qǐng)求向其派遣軍事及非軍事人員的細(xì)節(jié)，以協(xié)助兩國(guó)的重建工作，并監(jiān)督有關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)及物資援助的使用情況。我還建議對(duì)兩國(guó)選派的人員提供指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)。

Finally I ask that the Congress provide authority which will permit the speediest and most effective use in terms of needed commodities, supplies and equipment as such funds as may be authorized. If further funds or further authority should be needed for the purposes indicated in this message, I shall not hesitate to bring this situation before the Congress. On this subject, the executive and legislative branches of the government must work together. The free people of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedom. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world, and we shall surely endanger the welfare of this nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events, I am confident that the Congress will face these responsibilities squarely.

最后，我請(qǐng)求國(guó)會(huì)在批準(zhǔn)資金的同時(shí)，授權(quán)我們可在相關(guān)的物資、給養(yǎng)和裝備上得到最快、最有效的保證。今后如為了這方面的目的需更多的資金或授權(quán)，我將毫不猶豫地面呈國(guó)會(huì)。在此事上，政府的行政與立法機(jī)構(gòu)必須同心協(xié)力。全世界自由的人民期待著我們捍衛(wèi)他們的自由。如果我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位動(dòng)搖了，不僅會(huì)危害世界的和平，而且一定會(huì)危害國(guó)家的安定。我們身負(fù)重任。我相信國(guó)會(huì)將會(huì)堅(jiān)定地面對(duì)這些重任。

Cloze 選詞填空

The United States has received 1 the Greek government an urgent appeal 2 financial and economic assistance. 3 report from the American Economic Mission now in Greece, and reports from the American ambassador in Greece, 4 the statement of the Greek government that assistance is 5 if Greece is to survive as a free nation. I do not believe that the American people and the Congress wish to 6 a deaf ear to the appeal of the Greek government.

Key

1. from 2. for 3. Preliminary 4. collaborate 5. imperative 6. turn

Translation Practices 翻譯練習(xí)

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.

參考譯文

我相信美國(guó)的政策必定支持那些正在抵抗武裝分子或外來(lái)壓力征服企圖的自由民族。

我相信我們必須協(xié)助自由的民族用他們自己的方式來(lái)把握自己的命運(yùn)。

我相信我們的幫助應(yīng)該是最基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政援助，這些對(duì)穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)和有序的政治進(jìn)程很有必要。

Emulation 美文自己寫得出——學(xué)生仿寫

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